Zomwe zili mbali zazikulu za valve ziyenera kuganizira zakuthupi (kutentha, kuthamanga) ndi mankhwala (corrosivity) ya sing'anga yogwira ntchito.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kudziwa ukhondo wa sing'anga (ngati pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono).Kuonjezera apo, malamulo oyenerera ndi zofunikira za boma ndi maofesi ogwiritsira ntchito adzatumizidwanso.
Mitundu yambiri yazinthu imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zautumiki wa mavavu pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.Komabe, moyo wautumiki wachuma kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a valavu amatha kupezeka mwa kusankha kolondola komanso koyenera kwa zida za valve.
Zinthu wamba wa valavu thupi
1. Mavavu achitsulo otuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi, nthunzi, mafuta ndi gasi ngati sing'anga, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, kusindikiza ndi utoto, mafuta, nsalu ndi zinthu zina zambiri zamafakitale zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwachitsulo.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma valve otsika otsika ndi kutentha kwa ntchito - 15 ~ 200 ℃ ndi kukakamiza mwadzina kwa PN ≤ 1.6MPa.
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2. Black core malleable iron imagwira ntchito kwa mavavu apakatikati ndi otsika omwe ali ndi kutentha kwapakati - 15 ~ 300 ℃ ndi kuthamanga kwadzina PN ≤ 2.5MPa.
Zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndi madzi, madzi a m'nyanja, gasi, ammonia, ndi zina zotero.
3. Nodular cast iron Nodular cast iron ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chonyezimira, chomwe chili ngati chitsulo chosungunuka.The flake graphite mu imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo m'malo ndi nodular graphite kapena globular graphite.Kusintha kwa mkati mwa chitsulo ichi kumapangitsa kuti makina ake akhale abwino kuposa chitsulo chosungunula wamba, ndipo sichiwononga katundu wina.Chifukwa chake, ma valavu opangidwa ndi chitsulo cha ductile amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kuposa omwe amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotuwira.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma valve apakati ndi otsika omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa ntchito - 30 ~ 350 ℃ ndi kukakamiza mwadzina kwa PN ≤ 4.0MPa.
Sing'anga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi, madzi a m'nyanja, nthunzi, mpweya, gasi, mafuta, ndi zina.
4. Chitsulo cha carbon (WCA, WCB, WCC) poyamba chinapanga zitsulo zotayidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za anthu omwe sangakwanitse kupanga mavavu achitsulo ndi mavavu amkuwa.Komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya mavavu a carbon zitsulo komanso kukana kwawo mwamphamvu kupsinjika komwe kumadza chifukwa chakukula kwamafuta, kuchuluka kwamphamvu ndi kupindika kwa mapaipi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwawo kumakulitsidwa, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza momwe ma valve achitsulo amagwirira ntchito ndi ma valve amkuwa.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mavavu apakati komanso othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi kutentha kwa -29 ~ 425 ℃.Kutentha kwa 16Mn ndi 30Mn kuli pakati pa - 40 ~ 400 ℃, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ASTM A105.Sing'anga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthunzi yodzaza ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri.Mafuta okwera komanso otsika kutentha, gasi wamadzimadzi, mpweya woponderezedwa, madzi, gasi, ndi zina.
5. Kutentha kwa carbon steel (LCB) Kutsika kwa carbon steel ndi chitsulo chochepa cha nickel alloy chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha pansi pa zero, koma sichingapitirire kudera la cryogenic.Mavavu opangidwa ndi zinthuzi ndi oyenera pazotsatira zotsatirazi, monga madzi a m'nyanja, carbon dioxide, acetylene, propylene ndi ethylene.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma valve otsika kutentha omwe ali ndi kutentha kwapakati pa -46 ~ 345 ℃.
6. Ma valve opangidwa ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy (WC6, WC9) ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy (monga carbon molybdenum steel ndi chromium molybdenum steel) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zambiri zogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo nthunzi yodzaza ndi kutentha kwambiri, mafuta ozizira ndi otentha, gasi lachilengedwe. ndi mpweya.Kutentha kwa carbon steel valve kungakhale 500 ℃, ndipo valavu yachitsulo yotsika ikhoza kukhala pamwamba pa 600 ℃.Pa kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu zamakina zachitsulo chochepa cha alloy ndi apamwamba kuposa a carbon steel.
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi mavavu othamanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku sing'anga yosawononga ndi kutentha kwapakati pa -29 ~ 595 ℃;C5 ndi C12 zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri ndi mavavu othamanga kwambiri a media zowononga ndi kutentha kwapakati pa -29 ndi 650 ℃.
7. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic zili ndi pafupifupi 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel.18-8 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati valavu ndi zinthu za bonnet pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika komanso kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri.Kuwonjezera molybdenum ku 18-8 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala kumawonjezera kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri.Mavavu opangidwa ndi chitsulo ichi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, monga kutumiza asidi acetic, nitric acid, alkali, bulichi, chakudya, madzi a zipatso, acidic acid, madzi otenthetsera ndi mankhwala ena ambiri.
Kuti agwiritse ntchito pamtundu wa kutentha kwakukulu ndikusinthanso zinthu zina, niobium amawonjezeredwa kuzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti 18-10-Nb.Kutentha kumatha kukhala 800 ℃.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potentha kwambiri ndipo sichikhala cholimba, kotero mavavu opangidwa ndi zinthu izi (monga 18-8 ndi 18-10-3Mo) ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kochepa.Mwachitsanzo, amanyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga gasi, biogas, oxygen ndi nitrogen.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mavavu okhala ndi sing'anga zowononga ndi kutentha kwapakati pa -196 ~ 600 ℃.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic ndichinthu chabwino kwambiri cha valve yotsika kutentha.
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8. Pulasitiki ndi zitsulo zonse ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo.Mbali yaikulu ya mavavu azinthu zopanda zitsulo ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, ndipo ngakhale kukhala ndi ubwino umene mavavu azitsulo sangathe kukhala nawo.Nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pazambiri zowononga zokhala ndi mphamvu yamwadzina PN ≤ 1.6MPa komanso kutentha kogwira ntchito kosapitilira 60 ℃, komanso ma VALVE opanda poizoni a SINGLE UNION BALL VALVE amagwiranso ntchito pamakampani opanga madzi.Zomwe zili mbali zazikulu za valve ziyenera kuganizira zakuthupi (kutentha, kuthamanga) ndi mankhwala (corrosivity) ya sing'anga yogwira ntchito.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kudziwa ukhondo wa sing'anga (ngati pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono).Kuonjezera apo, malamulo oyenerera ndi zofunikira za boma ndi maofesi ogwiritsira ntchito adzatumizidwanso.
Mitundu yambiri yazinthu imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zautumiki wa mavavu pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.Komabe, moyo wautumiki wachuma kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a valavu amatha kupezeka mwa kusankha kolondola komanso koyenera kwa zida za valve.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-28-2023